Malaria Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Comparison of Malaria vs Dengue (Similarities and Differences)

Introduction to Malaria

Malaria is a serious mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium. It remains a major public health issue in many tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Malaria can be life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated promptly.

What Causes Malaria?

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites, which infect red blood cells. There are five main species that cause malaria in humans:

• Plasmodium falciparum (most dangerous)

• Plasmodium vivax

• Plasmodium malariae

• Plasmodium ovale

• Plasmodium knowlesi

Transmission of Malaria

How Malaria Spreads

• Malaria is transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.

• The mosquito injects parasites into the bloodstream during feeding.

• Malaria does not spread directly from person to person.

Risk Factors

• Living in malaria-endemic areas

• Poor sanitation

• Warm and humid climate

• Lack of mosquito control

Incubation Period of Malaria

The incubation period of malaria usually ranges from 7 to 30 days, depending on the parasite species.

Symptoms of Malaria

Common Symptoms

• High fever with chills

• Shivering and sweating

• Headache

• Muscle pain

• Fatigue and weakness

• Nausea and vomiting

Severe Malaria Symptoms

• Severe anemia

• Cerebral malaria (confusion, coma)

• Organ failure

• Difficulty breathing

• Death (if untreated)

How Malaria Affects the Body

• The parasite invades red blood cells, causing their destruction

• This leads to anemia, oxygen deficiency, and organ damage

• Plasmodium falciparum causes blockage of blood vessels, leading to severe complications

Diagnosis of Malaria

• Blood smear test

• Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)

• PCR testing in advanced labs

Treatment of Malaria

Malaria is curable with proper medication.

Common Antimalarial Drugs

• Chloroquine

• Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)

• Primaquine

Early diagnosis and correct treatment prevent complications and death.

Prevention and Control of Malaria

• Use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets

• Indoor residual spraying

• Elimination of stagnant water

• Preventive antimalarial medicines for travelers

• Public health awareness programs

Dengue Disease (Brief Overview)

Dengue is a viral mosquito-borne disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by the Aedes mosquito. Unlike malaria, dengue has no specific antiviral treatment, and prevention focuses on mosquito control.

Comparison of Malaria vs Dengue

Similarities Between Malaria and Dengue

Differences Between Malaria and Dengue

Which Is More Dangerous: Malaria or Dengue?

Both diseases can be fatal if untreated:

• Malaria is more deadly due to cerebral complications.

• Dengue can cause severe bleeding and shock.

Early diagnosis and medical care are critical for both.

Conclusion

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